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                SWAN MEDICINE
                  By CinnamonMoon
                
                  © Swan Pipe made from Pipestone Catlinite 
                  by Nico Verhoeve for Gloria Hazell 2016
                  
                  *Lady Stearn Robinson & Tom Gorbett/The Dreamer's Dictionary:
                  The omen here depends on the details of the action and color. 
                  Black swans portend business
                  problems in the offing; white swans predict happiness in love 
                  or domestic affairs if they were
                  floating, and business or financial success if they were flying 
                  or walking. To see swans gliding in
                  a small pond predicts great weath through your own diligent 
                  efforts.
                  
                  *Zolar/Encyclopedia of Signs, Omens, and Superstitions:
                  Because of their size and rather conspicuous white plumage, 
                  swans have always occupied a
                  prominent place in mythology and folklore. Engravings and designs 
                  that date back to the Stone
                  Age depict the swan and other long-necked birds in designs that 
                  include the sun disk, suggesting
                  that these birds were linked with solar mythology from a very 
                  early period. Since swans
                  appeared every year at the time when the days were lengthening 
                  and the power of the sun was
                  increasing, it is said they helped usher spring in. To this 
                  day, some inhabitants in Northern Asia
                  erect poles featuring effigies of flying swans, under which 
                  they place wooden models of fish--
                  symbolizing the powers of sky, earth, and water.
                  
                  The belief that people can be transformed into swans is ancient 
                  and widespread. Aeschylus, the
                  Greek playwright, was perhaps first to mention the swan maidens. 
                  Aphrodite is represented in art
                  riding on a swan or goose. According to Ovid, Cycnus was turned 
                  into a swan by his father,
                  Apollo. It was said that both Apollo and Aphrodite rode in chariots 
                  drawn by swans. Zeus was
                  said to have turned himself into a swan in order to have sexual 
                  relations with Leda.
                  Traditions in Siberia and Ireland said that killing a swan would 
                  bring misfortune or death. In
                  County Mayo in Ireland it is said that souls of virtuous maidens 
                  actually dwell in swans.
                  
                  Generally accepted is the legend that the swan sings while dying. 
                  Although Pliny is said to have
                  contradicted this belief, it was, nonetheless, endorsed by poets 
                  throughout time. Shakespeare
                  writes, in Othello, "I will play the swan, and die in music." 
                  In The Merchant of Venice he writes,
                  "He makes a swanlike end, fading in music." According 
                  to a Hampshire belief, swans are
                  hatched during a thunderstorm. Generally held is the idea that 
                  a swan can hatch its eggs only
                  during a storm. In Scotland it is believed that three swans 
                  flying together means disaster is coming.
                  
                  *Barbara G. Walker/The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets:
                  An ancient, universal shamanic practice of wearing swan-feather 
                  cloaks created numerous myths
                  of deities able to transform themselves into swans. The Heavenly 
                  Nymphs (Apsaras) of Hindu
                  mythology were swan maidens. As a phallic god sporting with 
                  these sexual angels of the Vedic
                  heaven, Krishna became a swan knight. Multiplied forms of his 
                  Goddesses were sometimes
                  swan-houris, sometimes milkmaids, the Gopis. Kalmuck a swan 
                  knight who courted the Triple
                  Goddess in the guise of three milkmaids, daughters of the Old 
                  Woman (Kali).
                  
                  The same Indo-European lore surfaced in Scandinavian myth as 
                  the swan incarnations of the
                  Valkyries, who wore magic swan-feather cloaks to transform themselves. 
                  Kali or Kauri became
                  the Valkyrie Karam, who flew in her swan feathers above battlefields 
                  and sang magic charms to 
                  deprive the enemy of strength. Legends insisted that if a man 
                  could steal a Valkyrie's costume of
                  swan feathers, she would be forced to grant his every wish.
                  
                  The swan knight Krishna appeared in classic Greek myth as Zeus 
                  in swan feathers, disguising
                  himself as a swan to seduce the Goddess Leda, who gave birth 
                  to the World Egg, which suggests
                  that she too was a totemic swan. Sometimes she was confused 
                  with the Goddess Nemesis to
                  whom Zeus's very life was subject: Leda or "Lady" 
                  being her only title. Northern mythology also
                  identified her with the Balkyrie Burnnhilde, whose seven children 
                  or Seven Dwarves were
                  transformed into the seven swans of the fairy tale. Zeus's swan 
                  form can be traced also to the
                  Vedic image of Brahma in his special vahana ("vehicle," 
                  animal incarnation): a swan.
                  
                  Swan maidens and swan knights associated with the Old Religion 
                  were common in European
                  folklore throughout the Christian era. A certain order of knights 
                  connected with the legendary
                  Temple of the Grail and the defense of women claimed descent 
                  from a divine swan-hero. The
                  families of Gelders and Cleves bore a swan on their arms, to 
                  honor their ancestor "the Knight of
                  the Wan, servant of women," in whose memory Duke Adolph 
                  held a tournament in 1453.
                  This Knight was sometimes called Lohengrin, a savior of women 
                  like the British hero LancelotGalahad.
                  After the classic pattern, Lohengrin floated in a mystic vessel 
                  on the sea in his infancy,
                  and was found and raised by a great queen in a foreign land. 
                  After his death he was reborn or
                  reincarnated as his own son.
                  
                  When Lohengrin became one of the Knights Templar of the Grail, 
                  he was sent from the Grail
                  castle at Montslavatch to champion the cause of Duchess Else 
                  of Brabant, who had been unjustly
                  imprisoned for exercising the ancient right of noblewomen to 
                  choose a lover from among men of
                  inferior rank. Having overcome Else's enemies, Lohengrin married 
                  her. According to one version
                  of the story, probably drawn from the myth of Psyche and Eros, 
                  Else was forbidden to ask her
                  husband's real name, but couldn't help insisting on it; so, 
                  sorrowfully revealing his name,
                  Lohengrin was obliged to leave Else and return to the Mount 
                  of Paradise. Other versions of the
                  story said he took her with him to Montslavatch, where they 
                  lived happily ever after.
                  
                  Other stories said Lohengrin appeared in his swan-feather costume 
                  to defend Clarissa, Duchess
                  of Bouillon, against the Count of Farankfort, who tried to steal 
                  her duchy. Or, he took up the
                  cause of Beatrice of Cleves, whose property rights were threatened 
                  by hostile barons. Though he
                  sallied forth to the rescue of several ladies in distress, the 
                  Swan-Knight's real home was always
                  "the mountain where Venus lives in the Grail."
                  
                  *D.J. Conway/Animal Magick:
                  There are five species of these very large, long-necked and 
                  web-footed birds in the genus
                  Cygnus. They are related to geese. Three species are found in 
                  the Northern Hemisphere and two
                  species in Australia and southern South America. Northern swans 
                  are all white. The Australian is
                  white with a black neck. The only species without a loud voice 
                  is the mute swan which produces
                  only hissing sounds. Swans pair for life. They are graceful, 
                  beautiful, and fast fliers and
                  swimmers, but they can be very aggressive. They glide with stately 
                  dignity on the water.
                  
                  To the Greeks, the swan was the bird of Apollo. According to 
                  a Greek legend, the swan sings a 
                  melody of haunting beauty just before its death, thus connecting 
                  it with Apollo, god of music. It
                  was dedicated to the Omphalos stone at Delphi. The swan was 
                  also an emblem of the Muses and
                  Aphrodite. They were sid to pull the chariot of Venus through 
                  the air. Zeus took swan-form to
                  satisfy his lust with Leto and Helen.
                  
                  The Greek love goddess Aphrodite had three bird familiars: the 
                  dove, swan, and goose. A sixth
                  century B.C.E. statue shows her standing on a giant swan; in 
                  one hand she carries a sacred
                  casket, symbol of her secret knowledge of death and rebirth. 
                  In another terra cotta image,
                  Aphrodite sits on a throne made of two swans.
                  
                  Hindu deities often interchanged the goose and the swan, which 
                  represented breath and spirit.
                  The swan was a mount for the goddess Sarasvati and sometimes 
                  Brahma. The heavenly nymphs,
                  called the apsaras, were often portrayed as swans. The goddess 
                  Devi rides a swan that wears a necklace.
                  
                  Several Celtic folk legends tell of the mystical sacred swan. 
                  Its feathers were used in ritual
                  cloaks by the Bards since wans are connected with music and 
                  song. People who shape-shifted
                  into swans were identified by gold or silver chains around their 
                  necks. Norse legend also speaks
                  of this shape-shifting as one form which the Valkyries could 
                  take; they were called swan
                  maidens. As an alchemical symbol, the swan stood for mercury.
                  
                  Superstitions: Some cultures still believe that the swan sings 
                  at its death. It is said the swan can't
                  hatch its eggs except in a thunderstorm. In Scotland, if three 
                  swans fly together, it means a
                  national disaster.
                  
                  Magickal attributes: Aid with the interpretation of dream symbols, 
                  transitions; spiritual
                  evolution. Developing intuitive abilities; seeing into the future. 
                  If a swan is seen in meditation,
                  pay close attention to hunches and omens. Divination on a spiritual 
                  level.
                  
                  *Mary Summer Rain/On Dreams:
                  Exemplifies an individual's beautiful and grace-filled spiritual 
                  nature; inherent spiritual essence
                  and resulting gifts.
                  
                  *Denise Linn/The Secret Language of Signs:
                  The white swan is the sign of the white goddess and beauty. 
                  If this sign appears to you, plan on
                  gliding to new heights with freedom and grace. A black swan 
                  can allude to the inner mysteries of
                  life and to your intuition. Some have suggested that the swan 
                  is a sign of the balance of male and
                  female energies, because its rounded soft body suggests femininity 
                  and its long outstretched neck
                  suggests the phallus. Apollo, the god of music, was associated 
                  with the swan because of the
                  mythic belief that the swan would sing with exquisite beauty 
                  at the point of death--the swan song.
                  
                  *Bobby Lake-Thom/Spirits of the Earth:
                  Among birds, for example, the White Swan represents the North 
                  direction, the first power of
                  Creation, which is the Wind. The color white represents purity, 
                  strength, wisdom, and old age. 
                  
                  *Patricia Telesco/The Language of Dreams:
                  A recognition of finality and ending (e.g., "singing one's 
                  swan song"). Among Hindus, this bird
                  is interchangeable with the goose, representing creative origination 
                  and the breath of life. The
                  Celts regarded the swan as a solar bird that was beneficent 
                  and a shape-shifter. In a dream, this
                  can relate to your ability to adapt to a new situation gracefully. 
                  Native American: An emblem of
                  trust and forgiveness. Swans are also representative of love 
                  interests, being sacred to Aphrodite,
                  Venus, and Zeus, the latter of whom changed himself into a swan 
                  to pursue the affection for
                  Leda. Dreaming of two swans together portends very devoted relationships. 
                  Swans mate for life.
                  Because of the story of the Ugly Duckling, swans also represent 
                  positive transformations in selfimage.
                  It can also reflect spending time with the wrong groups of people 
                  who engender lower
                  self-esteem.
                  
                  *Jamie Sams & David Carson/Medicine Cards
                  Grace. Little Swan flew through the Dreamtime, looking for the 
                  future. She rested for a moment
                  in the coolness of the pond, looking for a way to find the entry 
                  point to the future. This was a
                  moment of confusion for Swan, as she knew that she had happened 
                  into the Dreamtime by
                  accident. This was her first flight alone and she was a bit 
                  concerned by the Dreamtime landscape.
                  As Swan looked high above Sacred Mountain, she saw the biggest 
                  swirling black hole she had
                  ever seen. Dragonfly came flying by, and Swan stopped him to 
                  ask about the black hole.
                  Dragonfly said, "Swan, that is the doorway to the other 
                  planes of imagination. I have been
                  guardian of the illusion for many, many moons. If you want to 
                  enter there, you would have to ask
                  permission and earn the right."
                  
                  Swan was not so sure that she wanted to enter the black hole. 
                  She asked Dragonfly what was
                  necessary for her to earn entry. Dragonfly replied, "You 
                  must be willing to accept whatever the
                  future holds as it is presented, without trying to change Great 
                  Spirit's plan." Swan looked at her
                  ugly little duckling body and then answered, "I will be 
                  happy to abide by Great Spirit's plan. I
                  won't fight the currents of the black hole. I will surrender 
                  to the flow of the spiral and trust what I
                  am shown." Dragonfly was very happy with Swan's answer 
                  and began to spin the magic to break
                  the pond's illusion. Suddenly, Swan was engulfed by a whirlpool 
                  in the center of the pond.
                  Swan reappeared many days later, but now she was graceful and 
                  white and long-necked.
                  Dragonfly was stunned! "Swan, what happened to you!" 
                  he exclaimed. Swan smiled and said,
                  "Dragonfly, I learned to surrender my body to the power 
                  of Great Spirit and was taken to where
                  the future lives. I saw many wonders high on Sacred Mountain 
                  and because of my faith and my
                  acceptance I have been changed. I have learned to accept the 
                  state of grace." Dragonfly was very
                  happy for Swan.
                  
                  Swan told Dragonfly many of the wonders beyond the illusion. 
                  Through her healing and her
                  acceptance of the state of grace, she was given the right to 
                  enter the Dreamtime.
                  So it is that we learn to surrender to the grace of the rhythm 
                  of the universe, and slip from our
                  physical bodies into the Dreamtime. Swan medicine teaches us 
                  to be at one with all planes of
                  consciousness, and to trust in Great Spirit's protection.
                
                  
                  If you pulled Swan, it ushers in a time of altered states of 
                  awareness and of development of your
                  intuitive abilities. Swan medicine people have the ability to 
                  see the future, to surrender to the
                  power of Great Spirit, and to accept the healing and transformation 
                  of their lives.
                  
                  The Swan card is telling you to accept your ability to know 
                  what lies ahead. If you are resisting
                  self-transformation, relax; it will be easier if you go with 
                  the flow. Stop denying that you know
                  who is calling when the phone rings. Pay attention to your hunches 
                  and your gut knowledge, and
                  honor your female intuitive side.
                  
                  Contrary: If you have pulled Swan in reverse, it is a warning 
                  that you must acknowledge what
                  you know, so stop denying your feelings and clutzing up. You 
                  may be bumping into furniture or
                  forgetting what you are saying in mid-sentence. If so, this 
                  is a sign that you are not grounded.
                  Jump in place and hold the top of your head as you do so. This 
                  will get you back in touch with
                  the Earth, and keep you from wandering into a dreamy reality 
                  that lessens your focus. Baths
                  help, as does going barefooted or doing some gardening.
                  
                  In any case, Swan reversed says that you need to pay some attention 
                  to your body. It can seem as
                  if you are flying without a pilot's license if you are not aware 
                  of when you take off or land. Not
                  recognizing the shift from left brain to right brain is common 
                  when you are evolving spiritually.
                  This is all a part of developing the intuitive side of your 
                  nature and is a sign that you are not
                  being conscious of your entry into other levels of awareness. 
                  In the development of higher mind,
                  you are embarking on new territory that has rules or universal 
                  laws of its own. In the world of
                  Spirit you need to pay close attention to the unseen. You may 
                  sense or feel in a slightly different
                  way, but this is gradual. Sometimes this shift is lost among 
                  your normal activities until you feel
                  "spaced out." At these moments it is time to reconnect 
                  with Mother Earth.
                  
                  The solution to contrary Swan is:
                  1) Notice your surroundings and touch the Earth with your feet, 
                  hands, or both.
                  
                  2) Focus on one reality or the other; if you are being called 
                  to visit the Dreamtime, stop what you
                  are doing and be still. Enter the silence and empty your mind 
                  of chatter. Be receptive and open so
                  that the message may enter your consciousness.
                  
                  3) If you are just preoccupied, daydreaming, or "spacey," 
                  you need to focus on doing some
                  physical activity. Use the reasoning side of your brain to make 
                  a list of what you need to do next,
                  and this will stop the clutter in your mind that may be causing 
                  the confusion.
                  
                  *Ted Andrews/Animal-Speak:
                  Keynote: Awakening the True Beauty and Power of the Self
                  Cycle of Power: Winter
                  
                  The swan is one of the most powerful and ancient of totems. 
                  This is reflected even in its name. It
                  is one of the oldest names in the English language, and it has 
                  come down un-changed since
                  Anglo-Saxon times.
                  
                  The swan is a stately aquatic bird with a long graceful neck 
                  and beautiful white plumage. It is the
                  largest of all waterfowl. It feeds on soft water plants, and 
                  its bill is so sensitive that it serves as a
                  feeler underwater. For those with this totem, the emotions will 
                  become more sensitive, and you
                  will find yourself becoming more sensitive to the emotions of 
                  others as well.
                  
                  The swan is usually pure white (except for the bills and feet). 
                  This makes it a solar symbol.
                  There is a black swan (Australian) and it is more of a nocturnal 
                  symbol. It is also considered a
                  symbol of something rare and/or nonexistent.
                  
                  The neck of the wan is long and graceful. It is one of the swan's 
                  most distinguishing features.
                  The neck is a bridge between the head (higher realms) and the 
                  body (lower worlds). In the swan
                  totem, as you begin to realize your own true beauty, you unfold 
                  the ability to bridge to new
                  realms and new powers. This ability to awaken to the inner beauty 
                  and bridge it to the outer
                  world is part of what swan medicine can teach. It can show how 
                  to see the inner beauty within
                  yourself or in others, regardless of outer appearances. When 
                  we are capable of this, we become a
                  magnet to others. This is reflected in the familiar story by 
                  Hans Christian Andersen, "The Ugly Duckling."
                  
                  The swan is a cold-loving bird. They do not like the heat, and 
                  can stand the cold very well, as
                  long as there is food. Those with this totem will find it easier 
                  to stand colder climates than
                  warmer. Because of this, the swan also has ties to the direction 
                  of North, and its symbolism
                  should be examined as well.
                  
                  The kind of swan and its characteristics will have significance 
                  unique to themselves and to you.
                  The largest of all swans is the trumpeter. It is named for its 
                  loud, far-carrying call. The whistling
                  swan is our most common. The sound it makes is actually more 
                  of a whoop than a whistle. The
                  mute swan, best known in America, is named for the belief that 
                  it loses its voice as it reaches
                  maturity. It is not truly voiceless, but it does epitomize the 
                  idea of strength through silence.
                  Swans are powerful birds. They can break a man's arms with the 
                  beat of their wings, and they
                  have strong bites as well. They are also devoted parents and 
                  they mate for life, and some live as
                  long as 80 years. They reflect the power and longevity that 
                  is possible as we awaken to the
                  beauty and power within ourselves.
                  
                  The swan is the totem of the child, the poet, the mystic, and 
                  the dreamer. Swans fill mythology
                  and folklore, usually as traditional symbols of beauty and grace. 
                  Swans were sacred to
                  Aphrodite, the goddess of love. They were depicted pulling the 
                  chariot of Apollo. Zeus took the
                  shape of a swan to make love to Ledo, a mortal--reflecting the 
                  ability of a swan to link different
                  worlds and dimensions.
                  
                  The swan fills folklore and fairy tales. Many speak of young 
                  maidens who turn into swans by
                  putting on the magic garment of a swan's skin. If the skin were 
                  found, the beautiful maiden had
                  to remain human and marry whoever found the skin, or do their 
                  bidding. The swan thus has
                  come to be a link to the Faerie realm of life. Many of these 
                  tales involving swans ended
                  tragically, hinting at the primal life-changing power of beauty 
                  when released freely. it hints of
                  the control necessary to effectively work with such energy.
                  
                  From Greece comes the mystery of the swan song. This belief 
                  taught that the swan sang its most
                  beautiful song when it died. The swan song has come to be synonymous 
                  with poetic fancy. The
                  swan can teach the mysteries of song and poetry, for these touch 
                  the child and the beauty within.
                  Swan represents dreams, transition, and evolution; self, silence, 
                  and grace; she speaks of entering
                  your future.
                  
                  Swan's graceful glide across water is an example of a beautiful 
                  journey. She was not always a
                  beautiful creature. Initially she was clumsy, awkward, and gangly. 
                  Not until she experienced the
                  transition from youth to maturity, from ignorance to enlightenment, 
                  and from the mundane to the
                  spiritual did she manifest the glory that is hers. While she 
                  will ease you into social grace and
                  style, she will also teach you the importance of the transformation 
                  that comes when you combine
                  that with a spiritual essence. She speaks of emotions and sensitivities, 
                  of purity and a higher state
                  of consciousness.
                  
                  Swan encourages you to discover your own inner beauty and let 
                  it speak for what is in your
                  heart. At home in water or on land she can teach you to enter 
                  other realms gracefully and that
                  through silence there is no intrusion, simply a melding of a 
                  union with others. There is a gentle
                  strength in her entrance and she will become your muse if you 
                  open to her. She teaches the
                  balance needed to control your own actions, to find harmony 
                  with the energies of any given
                  situation, and the silence that allows you to perceive the Great 
                  Mystery.
                  
                  Swan's gentle nature teaches you to summon your courage to face 
                  the darkness that guards the
                  Dream Lodge. It urges you to surrender to the will of Spirit 
                  and to accept that the transformation
                  you will undergo will be a blessing. She wants you to see that 
                  you will grow and amaze yourself
                  in the process if you shed your fears. By going with the flow 
                  of the waters she floats upon she
                  demonstrates this ability. She has the ability to heal those 
                  fears, to calm anxious emotions, to
                  counsel your thoughts, and to cleanse them.
                  
                  The heightened states of awareness she announces are there to 
                  aid you in expanding your own
                  intuitive talents. She will teach you to heed your impressions 
                  and to trust them. She will help you
                  to focus, to pay attention to your inner self, and recognize 
                  the subtle shifts of reality as they take
                  place. If you are unable to sense these things she will urge 
                  you to ground with the Earth Mother
                  and to reconnect with the cosmic energies of the universe. She 
                  will call you to the Dream Lodge
                  and show you what you need to know so that you can transform 
                  yourself into a more spiritual
                  being.
                  
                  The Druid Animal Oracle by Phillip and Stephanie Carr-Gomm
                  Swan: Soul, Love, Beauty
                  Swan brings us the qualities of soul--of love and depth, grace 
                  and beauty. Being associated with
                  the druid festival time of Samhuinn, the swan is also a bird 
                  of the threshold, and represents that
                  part of us which can travel into the Otherworld. It may indicate 
                  that you will receive inspiration
                  from the Otherworld, or that love is entering into your life. 
                  It is auspicious if you are preparing to
                  write a song or poem, for the swan's skin and feathers were 
                  used to make the bard's ceremonial
                  cloak, the tugen.
                  
                  Contrary may mean that you need to come to terms with a separation. 
                  The old tales of the swan
                  show that in reality there is no separation from the ones we 
                  love--only transformation from one
                  from to another. But to continue our journey in this world, 
                  we need to be able to say 'goodbye' to 
                  those we are separated from, even though we know that ultimately 
                  we may be together again.
                  The separation we are faced with, however, may be internal rather 
                  than external, and swan may
                  be calling us to connect more deeply with our own soul.
                  
                  Mouse:
                  Found at http://www.druidry.org/
                  Swan
                  By Susa Morgan Black, FSA Scot
                  Swan of beauty, swan of grace
                  A queen among her ancient race
                  She glides across the mirrored lake
                  No ripple does the surface break
                  Scots Gaelic: Eala
                  Irish: Ela
                  Welsh: Alarch
                  Breton: Alarc'h
                  Old Celtic: Alargh
                  Anglo Saxon: Swan
                  Swan Facts
                  Classification
                  Family: Anatidae
                  Subfamily: Cygninae
                  
                  Species: Whooper, Trumpeter, Tundra, Mute, Black-necked, Black, 
                  Berwick, and Coscoroba
                  A male swan is a cob; a female is a pen, and the young are called 
                  cygnets. Description
                  Swans are the largest of the aquatic birds, closely related 
                  to the Goose. They are known for their
                  grace and beauty and have long been considered "ornamental 
                  birds" which float on ponds in
                  zoos, parks, and botanical gardens. Swans are long necked and 
                  web-footed. The most common
                  swan, the Mute Swan, is a large, all white bird with a pink 
                  bill that ends in a black knob. The bill
                  of a swan is so sensitive that it serves as an underwater feeler.
                  
                  Swans have the longest neck of any bird, with 23-25 neck vertebrae. 
                  Swans have as many as
                  25,000 feathers. They are long-lived birds, and can live up 
                  to twenty years in the wild, and even
                  fifty years in captivity!
                  
                  Habitat
                  Swans prefer wetlands and land surrounded by water, where they 
                  build their nests on mounds.
                  The Tundra swan builds its nest in the tundra wetlands, where 
                  they maintain a territory of one 
                  square mile and defend it from other swans. Swans prefer cooler 
                  environments and avoid
                  extreme heat. The Tundra and Whooper nest all across northern 
                  America, the Arctic Islands and
                  Northern Russia. The Black-necked and Coscoroba are found from 
                  Brazil southward. The Black
                  Swan lives in Australia and New Zealand. The Mute Swan resides 
                  in Europe.
                  
                  Diet and Feeding Habits
                  In the wild, swans feed on the starchy roots and tubers of aquatic 
                  plants. Their scissor- like bills
                  have cutting edges that can tear at the underwater grasses. 
                  They can submerge from ten to
                  twenty seconds at a time, and the Bewick Swans for up to thirty 
                  seconds. Due to the length of
                  their long, sinewy necks, the birds can dip their heads by curving 
                  their necks into the water, and
                  lay their chins flat on the bottom, continuously swallowing. 
                  For deeper waters, the swan will upend
                  itself to reach the bottom. Swans can also eat grains on the 
                  land, but must jerk its head
                  backwards to shake foot into its gullet. Most species of swan 
                  are vegetarian, but the Mute Swan
                  has been known to eat fish.
                  
                  Swans have a gland just above their eyes that enables them to 
                  drink salt water. The gland
                  removes salt from the water and concentrates it into a solution 
                  that is excreted from the nostrils,
                  which the bird can shake its head to clear. In captivity, swans 
                  are fed wheat, barley, maize,
                  lettuce, watercress, endive, cabbage, grass, and even biscuits 
                  and brown bread.
                  
                  Mating
                  Swans will both display before mating, then mate for life. They 
                  are devoted to each other, and
                  remain together throughout the year. They keep their young with 
                  them until they nest again,
                  some staying through a second clutch. If one of a pair of swans 
                  dies, the survivor usually takes a
                  new mate, and they form a dedicated pair. Breeding Swans usually 
                  mature in two to three years,
                  and breed at around 3-4 years of age. The northern birds do 
                  not breed until their fifth or sixth
                  year. Birds kept in captivity take much longer to establish 
                  a breeding pair. In their bulky nests,
                  females do most of the egg incubation. The average clutch is 
                  about five eggs, but may be as many
                  as ten. Incubation lasts about 30 days. Cygnets first learn 
                  to float in the water, then start to fly in
                  about 60-75 days. Swans molt in July and August, when their 
                  cygnets are too young to fly.
                  
                  Aggressive Behavior
                  Swans are powerful birds, they bite, and their beating wings 
                  can break a man's arm. Swans
                  display aggression by lowering their neck, hissing, and rushing 
                  forward. They protect their
                  territories from strangers and other swans, although they will 
                  tolerate ducks and smaller fowl.
                  
                  Migration
                  Swans migrate in winter, in flocks of twenty to forty birds. 
                  The cygnets travel in their parent's
                  flock for at least a year, in order to learn the route, where 
                  to feed, rest, etc. They have been
                  clocked between 35-50 mph in the air, and prefer to fly at night. 
                  They can fly at heights of 28,000
                  feet, and travel over 2,000 miles, often over sea.
                  
                  Diseases
                  Around half of the young birds who nest in the far North perish 
                  on their migration south because
                  they are forced to leave before they are strong enough. Swans 
                  are also susceptible to fungal
                  diseases, particularly aspergillosis, parasites, and viruses.
                  
                  Folklore
                  German Tale: The Swan Maidens a traditional tale collected by 
                  Joseph Jacobs:
                  There was once a hunter who spent his nights stalking deer, 
                  setting traps for game, and shooting
                  birds with his bow and arrow. One day, near the lake he heard 
                  the whirring of wings in the sky,
                  and took up his bow and arrow, ready to shoot what he thought 
                  were ducks. To his amazement,
                  he saw seven stunning maidens, all clad in white feather robes. 
                  They alighted on the banks of the
                  lake, took off their robes, and waded into the lake to bathe. 
                  The youngest and smallest of the
                  maidens caught his eye - she was the most beautiful of them 
                  all. The hunter crept to the bushes
                  where they'd left their swan robes, and stole the smallest bundle, 
                  and hid among the gnarled
                  roots of an old tree.
                  
                  After the maidens had sported in the lake to their heart's delight, 
                  they came ashore to find their
                  robes and be on their way. Alas, there were only six bundles, 
                  the smallest one was missing. They
                  searched the lakeshore, the bushes, the woods, but found nothing. 
                  At last, near dawn, the elder
                  sisters said with dismay, "We must away. It is almost dawn! 
                  You must meet your fate, whatever it
                  may be." Sadly the elder sisters donned their robes and 
                  flew away leaving their youngest sister
                  behind, before the sun cracked over the horizon.
                  
                  The young hunter had hid himself well, and watched as the swan 
                  maidens searched, never
                  finding his hiding place among the roots of an old tree. When 
                  the six swans flew away, he
                  emerged from his hiding place and approached the beautiful young 
                  swan maiden. He had the
                  feather robe held tightly against his chest. Seeing him, the 
                  woman begged him to return her
                  property, for she was cold and alone. He handed her his cloak 
                  instead, but kept the feather robe,
                  knowing she would fly away and be lost to him if he returned 
                  it. He told her that he loved her,
                  and would marry her, and she finally agreed, and he led her 
                  home. He hid away the feather robe
                  behind the wainscoting, where his new wife would never find 
                  it.
                  
                  The years went by happily enough, and the lovely Swan Maiden 
                  produced two extraordinarily
                  beautiful children, a boy and a girl. Their mother loved them 
                  with all her heart, but still longed
                  for her sisters, and her freedom. One day, the children were 
                  playing hide and seek, and the girl
                  found a new hiding place - behind the wainscoting. There, she 
                  discovered a beautiful white robe
                  made of feathers, and forgetting the game, took it to show her 
                  mother. The Swan Maiden gazed
                  at the robe in utter joy, laughing out loud, slipped it over 
                  her shoulders, and raised her glorious
                  feathered arms to fly away back to her beloved sisters. But 
                  then she looked at her daughter's
                  puzzled face, and remembered her new family.
                  
                  "Tell father that if he wishes to see me again he must 
                  find me in the Land East of the Sun and
                  West of the Moon;" and raised her arms, and in a dazzling 
                  flash of brilliant white, she leapt to 
                  the sky and flew away.
                  
                  When the hunter returned from his night's work the next day, 
                  his children told him what had
                  happened, and her last words to her daughter. The forlorn hunter 
                  left them to search for their
                  mother, seeking the Land East of the Sun and West of the Moon. 
                  In his travels, he came across
                  an old man who had fallen helpless to the ground. Helping him 
                  regain his seat, he tended the
                  elderly man until he felt better. The hunter told man the story 
                  of his wife, the Swan Maiden, and
                  asked him if he'd heard of the Land East of the Sun and West 
                  of the Moon.
                  
                  The man said, "No, but I will ask." And gave a shrill 
                  whistle. Soon, all the beasts of the forest
                  had assembled before them, for he was the King of Beasts. The 
                  old man inquired if they knew the
                  whereabouts of the Land East of the Sun and West of the Moon.
                  
                  The animals looked at each other in puzzlement, for none had 
                  heard of this magical land. So the
                  King of Beasts told the hunter, "You must seek my brother, 
                  the King of Birds. Surely he will
                  know." And told him where to find his brother.
                  
                  The hunter found the King of Birds, who called for his avian 
                  subjects to gather, and asked them
                  the same question, "Do you know of the Land East of the 
                  Sun and West of the Moon?" None
                  knew, and the Kings of Birds gave the hunter directions to yet 
                  another brother, the King of the
                  Fishes. "For surely he must know!"
                  
                  At the seashore, the hunter found the King of the Fishes, and 
                  asked him if he knew the
                  whereabouts of the Land East of the Sun and West of the Moon. 
                  The King of Fishes did not know,
                  but obligingly called out over the sea for his subjects to gather, 
                  and put the question to them.
                  None could answer the question, and the forlorn hunter was about 
                  to move on, when a dolphin
                  called out from the sea that he knew.
                  
                  The hunter waded into the breakers and met with the dolphin, 
                  who had swum in as close as he
                  dared. "Though I have never seen it, I have heard tale 
                  of a Crystal Mountain near the Wild
                  Forest. On top of that mountain in a place called the Land East 
                  of the Sun and West of the
                  Moon."
                  
                  Overjoyed, the hunter thanked the Dolphin, and the King of the 
                  Fishes, who directed him toward
                  the Wild Forest. Just outside the forest, the hunter found two 
                  brothers quarreling. Spotting him,
                  the hunters approached him and asked him for a favor.
                  "What is it?" inquired the hunter.
                  "Can you settle the dispute between us, so that our quarrel 
                  does not come to conflict?" One
                  brother asked.
                  "Of course." Agreed the hunter.
                  
                  "Our father just died," explained the other brother, 
                  " and left us two treasures. This cap, which 
                  renders the wearer invisible, and these shoes, which will carry 
                  you immediately to your
                  destination, no matter how far away."
                  
                  He displayed the two items, a golden cap, and a pair of sturdy 
                  shoes.
                  "As the elder son, I should have the first right of choice." 
                  One brother declared,
                  "No, as the younger, I have the right to my father's shoes!" 
                  insisted the other.
                  "Can you settle our dispute?" the elder pleaded.
                  
                  The hunter puzzled for a moment, then an idea dawned on him. 
                  "There is only one way to settle
                  the dispute." He pointed to a tree, off in the distance. 
                  "Race, both of you, to that great oak
                  yonder. Whoever first returns to me, shall have first choice, 
                  and I will hand him his prize." And
                  the hunter took up the cap and the shoes in his hands.
                  
                  Both brothers were pleased to agree and anxious to begin the 
                  race. "GO!" cried the hunter, and
                  they were off.
                  
                  As soon as their backs were turned, however, the clever hunter 
                  placed the cap upon his own
                  head, and the shoes up his feet.
                  
                  He whispered to the shoes, "Take me to the Land East of 
                  the Sun and West of the Moon." And off
                  he flew, over seven bends, over seven glens, and over seven 
                  mountain moors, until he came at
                  last to the Crystal Mountain. The shoes transported him to the 
                  top of the mountain, and he found
                  himself in the Land East of the Sun and West of the Moon.
                  
                  Taking off his magic apparel, he found someone who ruled this 
                  land, and was told, "There is a
                  king with seven daughters, swan maidens, who could fly wherever 
                  they wish." He pointed his
                  way to the castle, and the hunter, knowing this was the land 
                  of his wife's origin, strode to the
                  castle and entered the Great Hall.
                  
                  There sat the king on his wooden throne. The hunter boldly approached 
                  the king and said,
                  "Greetings, O King. I have come to seek my wife."
                  
                  The king asked, "Who is she?"
                  The hunter said, "Your youngest daughter." And proceeded 
                  to tell him how he had discovered
                  her, fallen in love, and won her as his bride.
                  
                  Unconvinced, the king laughed, and declared, "If you can 
                  tell your bride from her six sisters,
                  then I shall believe you."
                  
                  The king summoned his seven daughters. When they arrived, they 
                  were all dressed alike in their
                  white feathered robes, looking like a bevy of beautiful swans. 
                  
                  The hunter looked at them in dismay, but then remembered something, 
                  and a gleam came into his eye.
                  
                  "May I take each of them by the hand for a moment, for 
                  surely then I will know my wife."
                  "I see no harm in it." Agreed the King.
                  
                  Taking the hand of each lovely maiden, whose beautiful face 
                  was hidden in the folds of the
                  downy white hoods, at last he felt one that he knew to be his 
                  wife. She had sewn the clothing of
                  her children, and his own shirts and trousers for all the years 
                  they were together, and the
                  forefinger of her right hand was calloused from the needle.
                  
                  Astonished, the king examined his daughter's hand. "It's 
                  true! And I am a man of my word."
                  Whereupon the king sent them off with many a treasure and sent 
                  them home.
                  When they arrived home the happy hunter allowed his wife to 
                  keep her snowy feather robes to
                  visit her father and sisters, as long as she promised to always 
                  return to him. And so lived happily
                  together ever afterwards. (European Folk and Fairy Tales, no. 
                  12, pp. 98-104)
                  Danish Tale: The Wild Swan, by Hans Christian Andersen: ( See 
                  Hans Christian Andersen:
                  Fairy Tales and Stories ).
                  
                  The Ugly Duckling, by Hans Christian Andersen. An awkward young 
                  cygnet, is called an ugly
                  duckling by the other young waterfowl in the lake. Seeing his 
                  reflection in the watery surface, he
                  can't help but agree, and hangs his young head in shame. The 
                  other birds refuse to play with the
                  pathetic creature, and he is left to himself. At last his mother 
                  finds him, and assures him that this
                  phase will pass, and he will grow into the most beautiful bird 
                  of all - a magnificent snowy white
                  swan. And as time passes, so he does.
                  
                  This is a familiar tale for every child, reassuring them that 
                  beauty is from within, and not a
                  matter of outward appearance. This healing tale has been told 
                  for over a century, to children
                  who feel isolated, or that they don't fit in, teaching them 
                  to look within to find their own inner
                  beauty and radiate it. When their time comes, they will be transformed, 
                  and have the grace,
                  beauty and eloquence of a majestic white swan.
                  
                  Native American: In Navajo tradition, the Great White Swan can 
                  call up the Four Winds. The
                  Great Spirit will use swans to work its will.
                  
                  Australian: The aborigines saw the Black Swans as the wives 
                  of their All Father.
                  Japan: In Ainu folk tales, the swan was an angelic bird who 
                  lived in heaven. When the Ainu
                  fought amongst themselves killing all but one boy, the Swan 
                  descended from heaven, transformed
                  into a woman, and reared the boy to manhood. She then married 
                  him to preserve the Ainu race.
                  India: It was the swan that lay the Cosmic Egg on the waters, 
                  from which Brahma sprang. The
                  Swan was the vehicle of Brahma's wife, Saraswati, the Goddess 
                  of Wisdom, Education, and
                  Music. In Hindu tradition, swans represent the perfect union, 
                  and the spirit of Brahma.
                  Greek: In Greek tradition, the Swan is the symbol of the Muses. 
                  The swan also has erotic
                  connotations - Zeus seduced Leda in the form of a swan, and 
                  Aphrodite, the Goddess of Love,
                  had a swan-drawn chariot. The swan, as a symbol of music, is 
                  also dedicated to Apollo, who was
                  said to transform into a swan. Socrates wrote that the swan 
                  sung it's most beautiful song just
                  before it died, leaving us with the phrase "swan song". 
                  The constellation Cygnus, depicts a swan
                  sailing down the Milky Way.
                  
                  Serbia: The Vila, Serbian nymphs, take the shape of swans and 
                  serpents.
                  Norse: The Norse Valkyries often take the shape of swans and 
                  they fly, singing, through the air.
                  Russia: Swan Maidens were the subject of the Russian composer, 
                  Tchaikovsky's ballet, "Swan Lake".
                  
                  England Tradition: According to Ted Andrews, in Animal-Speak, 
                  "The swan is one of the most
                  powerful and ancient of totems. It is one of the oldest names 
                  in the English language and has
                  come down unchanged since Anglo Saxon times." (page 195) 
                  In Britain, Mute Swans are the
                  property of the Crown. The Crown may grant "royalties" 
                  or ownership rights to companies or
                  individuals, where they mark their swan's bills during the ceremony 
                  of "swan-upping". Boat
                  builders used swans as figureheads to bring good luck.
                  
                  Celtic Tradition: In Celtic tradition the Swan is associated 
                  with deities of healing waters and the
                  sun. They are associated with music, love, purity and the soul. 
                  They are shape-shifters, can take
                  human form, and have mastered the elements of water, earth and 
                  air. They can always be
                  recognized by the gold or silver chain that hangs around their 
                  neck. Among Druids, the Swan
                  represents the soul, and is associated with the Festival of 
                  Samhain. The swan aids us in traveling
                  to the Otherworld. Swans are also sacred to Bards, and their 
                  skin and feathers were used to
                  make the tugen, the ceremonial Bardic Cloak.
                  
                  Irish tales: Swans appear throughout Irish folklore. An Otherworldly 
                  bird, they are often the
                  disguise of Fairy Women. At certain times of year, a swan maiden 
                  can transform herself back
                  into a human, such as Summer Solstice, Beltaine or Samhain, 
                  when the veils between the worlds
                  are thin. The White Swans of the Wilderness were children of 
                  the Tuatha de Danaan, who settled
                  Ireland, and became the sidhe after the invasion of the Milesians.
                  
                  The night Cuchulainn was born, a pair of swans wearing Otherworldly 
                  silver chains attacked
                  Emain Macha. In a later tale, the Princess Derbforgaill fell 
                  in love with Cuchulainn, and
                  transformed herself and her maidens into swans to be near him. 
                  A hunter by nature, he threw a
                  stone at hone, none other that Derbforgaill herself, and brought 
                  her down. She transformed back
                  into a woman, and lay bleeding at his feet. Cuchulainn restored 
                  her, sucking some of her blood,
                  which rendered him unable to take her as his bride. She subsequently 
                  married his son.
                  
                  In The Dream of Angus Og, the young God fell in love with a 
                  woman he saw in his dream, named
                  Caer. So great is his longing for her, that he grew ill. He 
                  set out to search for her, and
                  discovered that she is no dream, but a mortal woman under enchantment. 
                  She and her sisters are
                  transformed into swans at Samhain, and must remain so for six 
                  months, until Beltain. Angus
                  found her at Loch Gel Dracon, where the transformation took 
                  place. When he arrived, there
                  were 150 swans, all with Otherworldly silver chains around their 
                  necks, and he could not
                  distinguish Caer from the others. Cuchulainn then called out 
                  to her, changing into a swan
                  himself. In that shape, he recognized his beloved, and they 
                  flew off together, chanting such
                  ethereal music that all who heard it fell into unconsciousness 
                  for three days and nights. He
                  brought her home to Brugh na Boinne (Newgrange).
                  
                  The Children of Lir is the most marvelous swan tale of all. 
                  An Irish princess's four brothers were
                  condemned to live as swans for eternity by their jealous step 
                  mother, Aoifa, the wife of King Lir.
                  The princess's only hope is to remain mute for seven years while 
                  she wove four shirts of flax for
                  her brothers, which will break the enchantment. There are several 
                  variations of this tale. In
                  another variation, they were swans for 900 years, and when they 
                  were transformed back to
                  humans, upon being baptized by St. Kernoc, the priest of the 
                  new religion, and they fell to the
                  earth dead (but their souls were saved).
                  
                  Native American tradition: According to Jamie Sams and David 
                  Carson, who collected Native
                  American tales from elders in the Choctaw, Lakota, Seneca, Aztec, 
                  Yaqui, Cheyenne, Cherokee,
                  Iroquois, and Mayan traditions, Swans represented "Grace".
                  
                  Swan tells Dragonfly in legend, "I learned to surrender 
                  my body to the power of Spirit and was
                  taken to where the future lives. I saw many wonders high on 
                  Sacred Mountains and because of
                  my faith and my acceptance I have been changed. I have learned 
                  to accept the state of grace."
                  Swan is the bird who may enter the Dreamtime and bring back 
                  knowledge and healing to the
                  tribe. Swan medicine "teaches us to be at one with all 
                  planes of consciousness, and to trust in
                  Great Spirit's protection." (Medicine Cards, pages 192-195)
                  
                  Totem: The swan is a totem of beauty and grace. As in the story 
                  of the Ugly Duckling, it connotes
                  inner beauty as well. If Swan is your totem animal, you are 
                  emotionally sensitive, and empathic
                  towards the feelings of others, and you draw people to you. 
                  The pure white swan is a solar
                  symbol, whereas the Australian Black Swan is a nocturnal symbol. 
                  The swan, with its long neck,
                  acts as a bridge between the worlds, making it an oracular bird. 
                  Being a cool weather bird, its
                  direction is North. Swans are excellent totems for children, 
                  those connected to the Fairy Realm,
                  poets, bards, mystics, and dreamers. (Animal Speak, page 196)
                  
                  Healing: The swan is master of the elements Earth, Air and Water, 
                  and is and excellent guide to
                  the therapeutic powers of these elements. Many healers use a 
                  swan feather in smudging and
                  healing ceremonies. A swan feather tied to an instrument such 
                  as a harp would be a powerful
                  adjunct to music therapy.
                  
                  Oracle: In the Medicine Cards, pulling the Swan card tells you 
                  to "accept your ability to know
                  what lies ahead, pay attention to your hunches, gut knowledge, 
                  and female intuitive side."
                  (Medicine Cards, page 194) Reversed, the Swan card means you 
                  are not grounded, not paying 
                  attention to your intuition, or the Unseen. The authors suggest 
                  that you "notice your
                  surroundings, and touch the Earth; be still and focus on one 
                  reality or the other - the Dreamtime
                  or the mundane world; stop the clutter in your mind and listen; 
                  or focus on a physical activity
                  that will ground you." (Medicine Cards, page 195)
                  
                  In Celtic lore, pulling the swan card can mean poetic inspiration 
                  from the Otherworld. It can
                  also mean an enduring love is entering into your life. Many 
                  swan tales have to do with sad
                  partings, separation, and suffering loss with grace. Swan can 
                  be a symbol of transformation.
                  Swan often indicates a soul level experience about to commence.
                  
                  Bibliography
                  Celtic Totem Animals, by John Matthews, Red Wheel Press, Boston, 
                  MA, 2002
                  Medicine Cards, by Jamie Sams and David Carson, St. Martin's 
                  Press, New York, 1999
                  The Druid Animal Oracle by Philip and Stephanie Carr-Gomm, A 
                  Fireside Book, London, 1994
                  Animal-Speak, the Spiritual and Magical Powers of Creatures 
                  Great and Small, by Ted Andrews,
                  Llewellyn Publications, St. Paul, 1994
                  Sevenwaters Trilogy, (Daughter of the Forest, Son of the Shadows, 
                  and Child of the Prophecy)
                  by Juliet Marillier, Tor Fantasy, New York, 2000 (a fiction 
                  based on The Children of Lir)
                  European Folk and Fairy Tales, by Joseph Jacobs, New York: G. 
                  P. Putnam's Sons, 1916, no. 12, pp. 98-104.
                  Symbolic and Mythical Animals, by J. C. Cooper, Aquarian/Thorsons, 
                  London, 1992
                  
                  Websites:
                  Feather Site: Swans are the largest, and generally considered 
                  the most beautiful, of the waterfowl...
                  Livingston Ripley Waterfowl Sanctuary: Swan Facts
                
                
                   
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